Thiamine is critical for carbohydrate metabolism and nerve function. Deficiency can lead to beriberi (cardiac or neurological forms) and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, particularly in patients with chronic alcohol use, malabsorption, prolonged vomiting, or restrictive diets. Whole-blood thiamine is more accurate than serum because most thiamine is inside red blood cells.
This test is used to evaluate suspected thiamine deficiency, particularly in patients with chronic alcohol use, post-bariatric surgery patients, those receiving long-term parenteral nutrition, and patients with unexplained heart failure or neurological symptoms. Sample type is whole blood in an EDTA tube.
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