VanA, VanB, and VanC are the main genes responsible for vancomycin resistance in enterococci. VanA and VanB cause acquired high-level resistance and are clinically significant; VanC is intrinsic to certain Enterococcus species and confers low-level resistance. Distinguishing among them affects clinical management and infection control decisions.
Detection of these genes in molecular testing identifies VRE infections and helps guide therapy (typically with linezolid, daptomycin, or other alternatives) and infection control measures. Sample type is typically a culture isolate or rectal swab.