Routine urinalysis combines color and clarity assessment, chemical dipstick analysis (pH, specific gravity, protein, glucose, ketones, blood, leukocyte esterase, nitrites, bilirubin, urobilinogen), and microscopic examination of sediment for cells, casts, crystals, and bacteria. This broad screening can detect or suggest many conditions.
This test is used in routine wellness exams, evaluation of urinary symptoms, monitoring of known kidney or urologic disease, prenatal screening, and pre-procedural workup. Findings suggesting infection are commonly followed by reflex urine culture. Sample type is a clean-catch midstream urine specimen.
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