Urea is produced by the liver as a waste product of protein metabolism and excreted by the kidneys. Elevated urea nitrogen can indicate reduced kidney function, dehydration, high protein intake, gastrointestinal bleeding, or heart failure, while low values may occur in severe liver disease, malnutrition, or overhydration.
This test is included in standard metabolic panels and is interpreted alongside creatinine. The BUN-to-creatinine ratio helps distinguish causes of elevated BUN such as dehydration versus intrinsic kidney disease. Sample type is serum.
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