TSH is released by the pituitary gland in response to thyroid hormone levels: when thyroid hormones are low, TSH rises to stimulate the thyroid; when they are high, TSH falls. This sensitive feedback loop makes TSH the single most useful test for detecting most thyroid disorders.
This test is used to screen for thyroid disease in adults with relevant symptoms (fatigue, weight changes, cold or heat intolerance, palpitations, mood changes); monitor patients on thyroid hormone replacement; assess thyroid function in pregnancy, infertility evaluation, and newborns; and follow patients with known thyroid disease. An abnormal TSH is typically followed up with free T4 and sometimes T3 testing. Sample type is serum.
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