Cardiac troponin (specifically troponin I or T) is found in heart muscle cells and is released into the bloodstream within hours of injury. Modern high-sensitivity troponin assays can detect very small amounts of injury, allowing earlier diagnosis of heart attack.
This test is essential in evaluating chest pain, shortness of breath, or other symptoms suggesting acute coronary syndrome. Serial measurements over several hours help distinguish acute injury from chronic elevation and confirm the diagnosis of heart attack. Troponin can also rise in other conditions affecting the heart such as myocarditis, heart failure, and pulmonary embolism. Sample type is serum or plasma.
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