The dfrA genes encode modified dihydrofolate reductase enzymes that resist inhibition by trimethoprim, conferring resistance to this commonly used antibiotic. Multiple dfrA variants exist; this panel detects four common types found on mobile genetic elements that often spread among bacteria.
Detection of these genes in molecular susceptibility testing helps predict trimethoprim resistance, often associated with sulfonamide co-resistance affecting the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combination. Sample type is typically a culture isolate or direct clinical specimen.
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