TSH is released by the pituitary in response to circulating thyroid hormone levels: when thyroid hormone is low, TSH rises to stimulate the thyroid; when it is high, TSH falls. This sensitive feedback loop makes TSH the single most useful test for detecting most thyroid disorders.
This test is used to screen for thyroid disease in patients with relevant symptoms (fatigue, weight changes, palpitations, temperature intolerance, mood changes), monitor patients on thyroid hormone replacement, assess thyroid function during pregnancy and infertility workup, and follow patients with known thyroid disease. An abnormal TSH typically prompts follow-up with free T4 and sometimes T3 testing. Sample type is serum.
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