TPO antibodies attack thyroid tissue and disrupt hormone production. They are present in most patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (the most common cause of hypothyroidism) and many patients with Graves disease. They can also be elevated in patients with other autoimmune conditions, even with normal thyroid function.
This test is used to confirm an autoimmune cause when thyroid dysfunction is found, identify patients at risk of developing thyroid disease (such as those with subclinical hypothyroidism or postpartum thyroiditis), and screen during pregnancy in selected cases. Persistently elevated antibodies often predict eventual hypothyroidism. Sample type is serum.
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