Testosterone circulates mostly bound to proteins (primarily sex hormone-binding globulin and albumin), with only the small free fraction biologically active. Measuring both total and free testosterone provides the most complete picture, particularly when binding proteins may be abnormal due to obesity, thyroid disease, liver disease, or aging.
This test is used to evaluate suspected low testosterone in men, investigate hyperandrogenism in women, monitor testosterone replacement therapy, and assess hormonal status in conditions affecting binding proteins. Morning samples are preferred. Sample type is serum.
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