These genes encode altered dihydropteroate synthase enzymes that don't bind sulfonamides effectively, conferring resistance. They are commonly found on plasmids and integrons that also carry other resistance genes, often contributing to multidrug resistance.
Detection of these genes in molecular testing helps predict resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra) and other sulfa drugs, guiding antibiotic selection. Sample type is typically a culture isolate or direct clinical specimen.
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