sul1 and sul2 encode modified dihydropteroate synthase enzymes that resist inhibition by sulfonamide antibiotics. These genes are commonly carried on mobile genetic elements that can spread between bacteria, contributing to widespread sulfonamide resistance.
Detection of sul1 or sul2 in molecular susceptibility testing helps predict resistance to sulfonamides, including the commonly used combination trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Sample type is typically a culture isolate or direct clinical specimen.
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