Stool culture identifies pathogenic bacteria — most commonly Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, and pathogenic E. coli — that cause acute diarrhea. Selective media suppress normal gut flora to reveal pathogens, and susceptibility testing guides treatment when indicated.
This test is ordered for patients with diarrhea lasting more than a few days, bloody stools, fever, dehydration, recent international travel, and during outbreaks. It is also used in immunocompromised patients with diarrhea, where broader testing may be needed. Sample type is a stool specimen in appropriate transport media.
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