Sodium is the most abundant electrolyte in the bloodstream and works closely with water to control fluid balance and blood pressure. Both low sodium (hyponatremia) and high sodium (hypernatremia) can cause serious neurological symptoms ranging from confusion to seizures.
This test is part of routine metabolic and electrolyte panels and is used to evaluate dehydration, kidney disease, heart failure, hormonal disorders affecting fluid balance (such as SIADH or diabetes insipidus), and patients on diuretics. The cause of sodium abnormalities depends heavily on the patient's volume status. Sample type is serum.
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