A routine urinalysis includes color and clarity, chemical analysis (pH, specific gravity, protein, glucose, ketones, blood, leukocyte esterase, nitrites, bilirubin, urobilinogen), and microscopic examination for cells, casts, crystals, and bacteria. Together these findings can detect a wide range of conditions.
This test is used in routine health checks, evaluation of urinary symptoms, monitoring of known kidney disease or diabetes, prenatal care, and pre-surgical workup. Findings suggesting infection are often followed by reflex culture. Sample type is a clean-catch midstream urine specimen.