Urinary protein electrophoresis separates proteins based on size and charge, revealing characteristic patterns. The pattern helps distinguish between glomerular proteinuria (albumin-predominant), tubular proteinuria (low-molecular-weight proteins), overflow proteinuria (light chains from plasma cell disorders), and other forms.
This test is used in evaluation of proteinuria, particularly when monoclonal proteins are suspected, and to characterize the type of kidney disease. It is often interpreted alongside immunofixation for full characterization. Sample type is urine.