Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) separates proteins into albumin, alpha-1, alpha-2, beta, and gamma globulin fractions. Abnormal patterns reveal information about acute and chronic inflammation, immunodeficiency, and monoclonal gammopathies such as multiple myeloma and Waldenström macroglobulinemia.
This test is used to investigate elevated total protein, unexplained anemia, kidney disease with proteinuria, bone pain, hypercalcemia, or recurrent infections. Monoclonal proteins (M-proteins) detected on SPEP are typically followed up with immunofixation and free light chain testing. Sample type is serum.
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