Prolactin is released by the pituitary gland and rises during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Outside of these settings, elevated prolactin can result from pituitary tumors (prolactinomas), certain medications, hypothyroidism, stress, and chest wall stimulation.
This test is used to investigate irregular or absent menstrual periods, unexplained milky breast discharge (galactorrhea), infertility, low testosterone or sexual dysfunction in men, and suspected pituitary tumors causing headaches or vision changes. Many medications — including some antipsychotics and antidepressants — can raise prolactin. Sample type is serum.
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