Phenytoin is used to treat various seizure types and has been a mainstay of epilepsy treatment for decades. Its non-linear metabolism means that small dose increases can cause large jumps in blood levels, making toxicity a real risk without monitoring. Symptoms of toxicity include nystagmus, ataxia, confusion, and slurred speech.
This test is ordered to confirm therapeutic levels, evaluate suspected toxicity, guide dose adjustments, assess adherence, and manage drug interactions, which are common with phenytoin. Both total and free phenytoin levels may be measured, particularly in patients with low albumin, kidney disease, or those taking interacting drugs. Sample type is serum.
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