Healthy kidneys retain albumin in the bloodstream. Small amounts of urinary albumin — too low to be detected by routine dipstick — are an early sign of kidney damage, particularly in diabetes and hypertension. A random (spot) urine sample is convenient and reasonably accurate when interpreted with creatinine for normalization.
This test is recommended annually for patients with diabetes, is also used to screen patients with hypertension, monitor known kidney disease, and detect kidney involvement in conditions like preeclampsia. Persistently elevated results warrant further evaluation. Sample type is a random urine specimen.
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