Intrinsic factor is produced by stomach cells and binds vitamin B12 so it can be absorbed in the small intestine. In pernicious anemia, autoantibodies attack intrinsic factor or the stomach cells that make it, leading to severe B12 deficiency.
This test is ordered when pernicious anemia is suspected — particularly in patients with macrocytic anemia and low vitamin B12 — to confirm the underlying cause. Positive intrinsic factor antibodies are highly specific for pernicious anemia. Treatment typically involves lifelong B12 supplementation, often by injection. Sample type is serum.
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