IgM is the antibody type produced early in the immune response to new pathogens, before the immune system shifts to producing primarily IgG. Elevated IgM can indicate acute infection, chronic infections like Waldenström macroglobulinemia, autoimmune disease, or hyper-IgM syndromes. Low IgM may occur with certain immunodeficiencies.
This test is used to evaluate suspected acute infections (where IgM rises early), work up immunodeficiency, and assess gammopathies. It is often part of comprehensive immunoglobulin panels along with IgG and IgA. Sample type is serum.
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