The hepatic function panel typically includes total and direct bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), total protein, and albumin. Together these markers reveal information about liver cell injury, bile flow, and the liver's synthetic capacity.
This panel is used to investigate symptoms such as jaundice, abdominal pain, fatigue, or dark urine; screen for liver disease in patients with risk factors like alcohol use, obesity, or viral hepatitis exposure; and monitor patients on medications known to affect the liver. Different patterns of abnormalities help distinguish between hepatocellular injury, cholestasis, and impaired liver synthesis. Sample type is serum.