Surface antibody (anti-HBs) develops after either successful hepatitis B vaccination or resolution of natural infection and provides protective immunity. The qualitative version gives a yes/no answer about whether immunity is present.
This test is used to verify immunity after vaccination (particularly in healthcare workers and at-risk groups), assess immune status before procedures or immunosuppression, and confirm resolution after acute hepatitis B infection. When specific protection level matters, the quantitative test is used instead. Sample type is serum.