Anti-HBc IgM antibodies appear in the early phase of hepatitis B infection and typically persist for several months. Their presence indicates acute or recent infection, while their absence in someone who is HBsAg-positive suggests chronic infection.
This test is ordered when evaluating new-onset jaundice, abnormal liver enzymes, or possible exposure to hepatitis B. It is especially useful in the 'window period' — after surface antigen has cleared but before surface antibody appears — when it may be the only detectable marker of recent infection. Sample type is serum.
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