While the HCV antibody test indicates exposure, the viral load (HCV RNA) confirms whether the virus is actually present and how much is circulating. Modern testing uses quantitative PCR to measure precise viral RNA levels.
This test is used to confirm active hepatitis C after a positive antibody test, establish baseline viral load before treatment, monitor response during antiviral therapy, and confirm sustained virologic response (cure) after completing treatment. Undetectable viral load 12 weeks after treatment completion typically indicates cure. Sample type is serum or plasma.
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