Glucose is the body's primary energy source and its level is tightly regulated by insulin and other hormones. A fasting measurement — taken after 8-12 hours without food — reveals baseline glucose control before food intake influences levels.
This test is used to diagnose prediabetes (100-125 mg/dL) and diabetes (126 mg/dL or higher on two occasions), screen for diabetes in adults at risk, monitor glycemic control in patients with diabetes, and evaluate symptoms such as fatigue, frequent urination, or unexplained weight loss. It is often paired with hemoglobin A1c for a more complete picture of glucose control. Sample type is serum or plasma.