When ANA testing is performed by indirect immunofluorescence on HEp-2 cells, different autoantibodies produce characteristic staining patterns — homogeneous, speckled, nucleolar, centromere, or others. Each pattern is associated with particular autoimmune diseases, helping guide further testing and clinical evaluation.
This test is used when ANA is positive to provide additional diagnostic information. For example, a centromere pattern suggests limited scleroderma (CREST syndrome), while a peripheral or homogeneous pattern with high titer suggests lupus. Pattern analysis complements specific antibody testing. Sample type is serum.
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