Cystatin C is produced by all nucleated cells at a steady rate and is freely filtered by the kidneys, making it a useful marker of kidney function. Unlike creatinine, it is not strongly affected by muscle mass, diet, or sex, which can make creatinine-based estimates inaccurate in certain populations.
This test is particularly useful in patients with abnormal muscle mass (very lean, very muscular, amputees, or those with neuromuscular disease), elderly patients, children, and when more precise kidney function assessment is needed. It is often used alongside creatinine to calculate a combined estimated GFR. Sample type is serum.
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