Throat culture is the traditional reference standard for diagnosing Group A streptococcal pharyngitis. While rapid antigen tests can provide answers within minutes, they have lower sensitivity than culture, and negative rapid tests in children with symptoms are often confirmed with culture.
This test is ordered to evaluate sore throat with features suggesting bacterial infection — fever, tonsillar exudates, swollen lymph nodes, and absence of cold symptoms — particularly when rapid testing is negative. It is also used in selected cases to identify other pathogens such as group C or G streptococci. Sample type is a throat swab.