Cortisol is produced by the adrenal glands under control of the pituitary and follows a daily (diurnal) rhythm, peaking in the early morning and falling throughout the day. Morning sampling captures the body's natural high point and provides the most reliable assessment of adrenal output.
This test is used to evaluate suspected adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease) when cortisol is too low, screen for Cushing syndrome when cortisol is too high, monitor patients on steroid therapy, and investigate fatigue, unexplained weight changes, or blood pressure issues. Sample type is serum, typically drawn between 7-10 a.m.
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