Ceruloplasmin carries about 95% of the copper in the bloodstream. Low ceruloplasmin is a hallmark of Wilson disease, in which copper accumulates in the liver, brain, and other tissues, causing progressive damage. Low ceruloplasmin can also occur in Menkes disease and severe malnutrition.
This test is ordered when Wilson disease is suspected — for example, in patients with unexplained chronic liver disease, neurological symptoms (tremor, dystonia, behavioral changes), or characteristic eye findings (Kayser-Fleischer rings). It is typically interpreted alongside serum copper, 24-hour urine copper, and sometimes liver biopsy. Sample type is serum.
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