AmpC beta-lactamases hydrolyze most penicillins and cephalosporins — including third-generation cephalosporins — and are not inhibited by common beta-lactamase inhibitors like clavulanic acid. Plasmid-mediated AmpC enzymes including ACT and MIR can spread between bacterial species, making them an important concern in gram-negative infections.
Detection of these genes in molecular susceptibility testing helps guide antibiotic selection in serious gram-negative infections, typically requiring carbapenems or newer beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations. Sample type is typically a culture isolate or direct clinical specimen.
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