CD4 cells (helper T cells) coordinate immune responses, while CD8 cells (cytotoxic T cells) kill infected and abnormal cells. The CD4 count and the CD4/CD8 ratio together reflect immune system function. In HIV, the CD4 count is the standard measure of immune status, and a falling count correlates with increased risk of opportunistic infections.
This test is used to monitor patients with HIV, evaluate immunodeficiency in other settings (such as certain cancers, post-transplant, or autoimmune diseases), and assess immune reconstitution during treatment. Results guide decisions about prophylaxis and antiretroviral therapy. Sample type is whole blood in EDTA.
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