CEA is produced during fetal development and falls to low levels in healthy adults. Levels can be elevated in colorectal cancer and other cancers such as pancreatic, breast, lung, and gastric. CEA can also rise modestly in benign conditions including smoking, inflammatory bowel disease, and pancreatitis.
This test is most valuable in patients with known colorectal cancer — levels typically fall after successful treatment and may rise before clinical or imaging evidence of recurrence. It is also used in surveillance after surgery, to assess prognosis, and to evaluate response to chemotherapy. Sample type is serum.