CA 125 is a tumor-associated antigen most strongly linked to epithelial ovarian cancer, though it can also rise in benign conditions like endometriosis, fibroids, pelvic inflammatory disease, pregnancy, and menstruation. These overlaps limit its value as a screening tool in the general population.
This test is mainly used to monitor patients with known ovarian cancer for treatment response and recurrence, evaluate pelvic masses (particularly in postmenopausal women), and risk-stratify patients before surgery. In higher-risk groups, it may be used alongside ultrasound as part of surveillance. Sample type is serum.
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