Most of the body's calcium is stored in bones, but a tightly regulated portion circulates in blood, where it supports muscle contraction, nerve signaling, and coagulation. Abnormal levels can cause significant symptoms — high calcium may lead to fatigue, kidney stones, and confusion, while low calcium can cause muscle cramps, tingling, and seizures.
This test is part of routine metabolic panels and is also ordered to evaluate kidney disease, bone disorders, parathyroid problems, and certain cancers. Total calcium measures both protein-bound and free calcium; in patients with abnormal albumin, ionized calcium or corrected calcium calculations provide a more accurate picture. Sample type is serum.
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