CA 125 is a tumor-associated antigen most strongly linked to epithelial ovarian cancer. Elevated levels can occur in ovarian cancer, but also in benign conditions like endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, fibroids, pregnancy, and menstruation, which limits its usefulness as a screening tool.
This test is primarily used to monitor patients with known ovarian cancer for response to treatment and recurrence, evaluate pelvic masses (especially in postmenopausal women), and risk-stratify before surgery. In higher-risk groups, it may be used alongside ultrasound as part of surveillance. Sample type is serum.
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