Carbapenemases break down carbapenems, last-resort antibiotics for serious gram-negative infections. The four genes in this panel — OXA-48 (and related variants), blaNDM (New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase), blaVIM (Verona integron-encoded), and blaKPC (Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase) — together account for most carbapenemase-producing organisms worldwide.
Detection of any of these genes identifies highly resistant infections requiring specialized treatment (such as ceftazidime-avibactam, cefiderocol, or combinations) and strict infection control measures. Different carbapenemases respond to different newer drugs, so identifying the specific enzyme matters. Sample type is typically a culture isolate or direct clinical specimen.
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