BNP is produced primarily by the ventricles of the heart in response to volume expansion and pressure overload. Elevated levels indicate that the heart is under increased strain, most commonly due to congestive heart failure.
This test is widely used in emergency settings to differentiate cardiac from non-cardiac causes of shortness of breath. It is also used to grade the severity of heart failure, monitor response to therapy, and assess prognosis. Higher BNP values generally correlate with worse outcomes. The sample is plasma collected in an EDTA tube.
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