ANA is one of the most commonly ordered autoimmune screening tests. A positive result, particularly at high titer, supports the possibility of systemic autoimmune disease. However, low-titer positives can occur in healthy individuals, especially older adults, and in chronic infections, so results must be interpreted alongside clinical findings.
This test is ordered when patients have symptoms suggesting autoimmune disease — joint pain, rashes, unexplained fatigue, dry eyes or mouth, or multisystem inflammation. A positive ANA is typically followed by more specific antibody testing to identify the underlying condition. Sample type is serum.