ANA testing screens for autoantibodies directed against components inside cell nuclei. A positive result raises the possibility of an autoimmune disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, Sjögren syndrome, mixed connective tissue disease, or autoimmune hepatitis. However, low-titer positives can also occur in healthy people, particularly older adults, and during infections.
This test is ordered when patients have symptoms suggestive of autoimmune disease — joint pain, rashes, fatigue, fevers, dry eyes or mouth, or unexplained organ involvement. A positive ANA is typically followed up with reflex testing (such as anti-dsDNA, anti-Smith, or extractable nuclear antigen panels) to identify the specific disease. Sample type is serum.
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