ALP is concentrated in the liver, bile ducts, and growing bone, with smaller amounts in the intestines and placenta. Elevated values most often indicate either liver/biliary problems (such as bile duct obstruction or cholestasis) or bone-related conditions (such as Paget's disease, bone metastases, or healing fractures).
This test is part of standard liver function panels and is also ordered to investigate bone pain, evaluate growing children (whose ALP is naturally higher), and monitor patients with known liver or bone disease. When the cause of elevation isn't clear from clinical context, ALP isoenzyme testing can distinguish liver from bone sources. Sample type is serum.
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