AFP is produced in high amounts by the fetal yolk sac and liver and falls to very low levels after birth. In adults, significantly elevated AFP is most often associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer) and germ cell tumors of the testes or ovaries, but it can also rise in benign liver conditions such as cirrhosis or hepatitis.
This test is used to screen high-risk patients (such as those with chronic hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or cirrhosis) for liver cancer, monitor patients with known liver or germ cell tumors, and follow response to treatment. AFP trends over time are often more meaningful than single values. Sample type is serum.
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